2026 Midterms · U.S. House · Montana Likely
Montana — 1st District
Democratic
Sam Forstag
Republican
Aaron Flint
In Montana's 1st Congressional District, Democratic smokejumper and union leader Sam Forstag faces Republican combat veteran and radio host Aaron Flint for the open U.S. House seat created by incumbent Ryan Zinke's retirement. The western Montana district features a ticket-splitting electorate where Donald Trump won by 11 points in 2024 while Democratic Senator Jon Tester carried it by one point. Major race rating outlets—including The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill—rate the contest as Likely Republican, though internal campaign polling shows a tied race. The election hinges on contrasting approaches to housing affordability, public lands, tax reform, government accountability, and healthcare.
Housing and Cost of Living
high salienceForstag advocates direct federal housing investments and expanding trade apprenticeships, whereas Flint focuses on permitting reform, increasing lumber supply through timber harvesting, and creating targeted loan programs.
Sam Forstag
Supports federal investments and corporate homeownership bans
Forstag proposes large-scale federal investment in affordable housing through models like community land trusts and deed-restricted housing. He advocates banning corporate hedge funds and private equity firms from buying residential property and bringing back the first-time homebuyer tax credit.
- Provide federal investments in affordable housing, community land trusts, and deed-restricted housing
- Ban residential property purchases by hedge funds and private equity firms
- Reinstate the first-time homebuyer tax credit and incentivize local zoning reform
“Deliver significant federal investment in affordable housing that’s equal in scale to the housing crisis we’re facing.”
“End corporate home ownership by banning the purchase of residential property by hedge funds and private equity firms, and eliminating tax breaks for institutional investors and corporations.”
Aaron Flint
Supports deregulation, tax cuts, and home-loan expansion
Flint attributes high housing costs and inflation to federal overspending and out-of-state migration. He advocates banning Wall Street single-family home purchases, authorizing federally backed mortgages for teachers and first responders, cutting regulations, and expanding timber harvests to reduce lumber costs.
- Ban Wall Street firms from purchasing single-family homes
- Support the HELPER Act to provide federally backed mortgages for first responders and teachers
- Lower building costs through permitting reform and expanded timber harvests for lumber supply
“Montanans are working harder than ever but still falling behind. They are getting squeezed by the catastrophic inflation the Biden Administration created through years of overspending and bad policies.”
“Ban Wall Street from buying single-family homes.”
Public Lands and Forest Management
high salienceForstag emphasizes public agency staffing and legalizing corner crossing, while Flint focuses on ending the Roadless Rule and overturning environmental court rulings to expand resource development.
Sam Forstag
Supports full agency staffing and forest mitigation
Forstag advocates fully staffing public land agencies to manage forests and mitigate wildfire risks. He supports legalizing corner crossing, expanding USDA grants to modernize timber mills, and reforming environmental litigation timelines without removing public comment rights.
- Rebuild and fully staff public lands agencies to address wildfire mitigation and forest management
- Legalize corner crossing to ensure public land access
- Support responsible timber harvests and expand USDA grants to modernize local timber mills
“Rebuild and expand our public lands agencies by fully staffing our public lands agencies and significantly expanding investments in forest management and fuels mitigation.”
“Legalize corner crossing to make sure that all public lands are publicly accessible.”
Aaron Flint
Supports multiple-use management and expanded access
Flint promotes managing public lands under a multiple-use mandate while preventing large-scale federal land transfers. He supports overturning the Cottonwood court decision, ending the Roadless Rule, expanding the Good Neighbor Authority, and passing the Fill the Lake Act for Flathead Lake.
- Support the Public Lands in Public Hands Act to prevent large-scale sales or transfers of federal lands
- Overturn the Cottonwood legal decision and end the Roadless Rule to expand timber harvests
- Pass the Fill the Lake Act to keep Flathead Lake at full pool for irrigators and recreators
“Public lands belong to the public, and that means keeping them accessible for all Montanans: sportsmen, hikers, ranchers, and foresters.”
“The Public Lands in Public Hands Act which prevents the large scale sale or transfer of federal lands.”
Taxes and Government Ethics Reform
high salienceForstag proposes raising taxes on high earners and corporations to fund services, whereas Flint advocates strict spending controls, a balanced budget amendment, and broad tax reductions.
Sam Forstag
Supports progressive taxation and campaign finance reform
Forstag advocates raising taxes on corporations and high earners, including a 30% minimum tax on incomes over $1 million, raising corporate tax rates to 35%, and imposing a 5% billionaire tax. He also seeks to ban corporate campaign spending, repeal Citizens United, and eliminate the Social Security payroll tax cap.
- Implement a 30% minimum tax on incomes over $1 million and raise corporate tax rates to 35%
- Overturn Citizens United, ban corporate election spending, and eliminate Super PACs
- Eliminate the Social Security payroll tax cap and ban congressional stock trading
“Pass a minimum tax rate for millionaires by establishing a minimum marginal tax rate of 30% for income over $1 million per year, also known as the 'Buffett Rule.'”
“Ban corporate election spending and get rid of Super PACs by passing a constitutional amendment to overturn Citizens United.”
Aaron Flint
Supports balanced budgets, tax relief, and stock bans
Flint proposes spending controls in D.C. through a constitutional balanced budget amendment, no-budget/no-pay policies, and a ban on pay during shutdowns. He supports making permanent tax exemptions on tips, overtime, and Social Security, as well as banning congressional stock trading.
- Enact a mandatory federal balanced budget amendment and a 'No budget, no pay' rule for Congress
- Make permanent tax eliminations on tips, overtime, and Social Security
- Ban congressional stock trading to prevent politicians from profiting off privileged information
“No budget, no pay.”
“Ban on congressional stock trading. Politicians shouldn’t be getting rich off privileged information.”
Labor and Wages
medium salienceForstag supports federal minimum wage increases and union-protection laws like the PRO Act, whereas Flint relies on industry deregulation and trade apprenticeships to foster job growth.
Sam Forstag
Supports $15 minimum wage and union protections
Forstag advocates raising the federal minimum wage to at least $15 per hour and indexing it to inflation. He supports passing the PRO Act to protect collective bargaining, enacting the Protect America's Workforce Act, and closing independent contractor tax loopholes.
- Raise the federal minimum wage to at least $15 per hour tied to inflation
- Pass the PRO Act to protect union organizing rights and combat union-busting
- Restore collective bargaining rights for over 1 million public servants via the Protect America's Workforce Act
“Raise the federal minimum wage to at least $15 per hour and fix it permanently by tying it to the rate of inflation.”
“Pass the PRO Act to guarantee workers everywhere have the freedom to organize and join a union if they want, and fight back against corporations that engage in union-busting.”
Aaron Flint
Supports vocational trade training and deregulation
Flint focuses on bringing back traditional jobs in logging, mining, and manufacturing. He supports federal incentives for trade education and apprenticeships while cutting regulations that burden small businesses and employers.
- Incentivize workforce training, apprenticeships, and trade education opportunities
- Cut regulations on small businesses, manufacturers, and resource extraction industries
- Promote job growth in trades, timber harvesting, and critical mineral development
“Invest in workforce training, apprenticeships, and trade programs that prepare Montanans for high-demand careers.”
“Expand timber harvests and resource extraction to create good-paying jobs.”
Agriculture and Rural Economy
medium salienceForstag favors market regulations like mandatory labeling and right-to-repair laws, while Flint prioritizes regulatory relief and repealing estate taxes.
Sam Forstag
Supports mandatory labeling, right to repair, and market regulations
Forstag proposes mandatory Country of Origin Labeling (COOL), federal right-to-repair legislation for farm equipment, and mandatory price transparency for meatpackers. He also supports expanded federal meat inspection assistance and requiring congressional approval for foreign tariffs.
- Enact mandatory Country of Origin Labeling (COOL) for farm and ranch products
- Pass federal right-to-repair legislation for agricultural equipment
- Increase market transparency for meatpacking and require congressional approval for tariffs
“Require Country of Origin Labeling for the broadest possible list of farm and ranch products so that American consumers know where the food they buy is sourced.”
Aaron Flint
Supports regulatory relief, Taylor Grazing Act, and estate tax repeal
Flint advocates protecting family farms and ranches by cutting regulations and repealing taxes that impede intergenerational farm transfers. He supports upholding the Taylor Grazing Act and passing the Fill the Lake Act to assist irrigators.
- Uphold the Taylor Grazing Act to support Montana beef producers
- Repeal estate taxes that prevent family farms and ranches from being passed to the next generation
- Cut burdensome regulations that affect small agricultural operations
“Uphold the Taylor Grazing Act to support made in Montana beef.”
“Repeal the expensive taxes that prevent family farms, ranches, and small businesses from staying in the family.”
Immigration and Border Security
medium salienceForstag advocates pathways to citizenship alongside strict operational standards for federal enforcement officers, whereas Flint focuses strictly on border security and combating migrant crime.
Sam Forstag
Supports comprehensive reform with law enforcement oversight
Forstag supports bipartisan immigration reform establishing legal pathways to citizenship. He advocates strict oversight of federal agents—including body cameras, badges, judicial warrant requirements, and banning face masks—while fully funding independent immigration courts.
- Pass comprehensive immigration reform establishing attainable pathways to citizenship
- Mandate body cameras, badges, and judicial warrants for immigration law enforcement
- Ban federal face masks during operations and fully fund independent immigration courts
“We need sweeping, comprehensive reform that provides an achievable pathway to legal status and citizenship.”
“Ban face masks and require that immigration agents wear body cameras and badges.”
Aaron Flint
Supports border security and anti-migrant crime measures
Flint emphasizes securing the border and stopping migrant crime as key priorities for his campaign, earning endorsements from Donald Trump and conservative congressional leaders on his platform.
- Secure the U.S. border to prevent illegal entry
- Stop migrant crime through strict enforcement
“Keep our Border SECURE, Stop Migrant Crime”
Veterans Affairs
medium salienceForstag provides explicit policy proposals against VA privatization and staffing cuts, whereas Flint relies primarily on his military service record and general support for veterans.
Sam Forstag
Opposes VA privatization and supports staffing expansion
Forstag opposes attempts to privatize VA healthcare and seeks to reverse recent staffing cuts. He supports expanding investments in VA clinics, medical personnel, mental health crisis services, and rural telehealth access.
- Oppose privatization of the VA and reverse federal cuts to VA healthcare personnel
- Expand mental health services and crisis response programs for veterans
- Increase funding for rural VA clinics and telehealth infrastructure
“Fight efforts to privatize the VA and reverse DOGE’s cuts to VA healthcare staff.”
Aaron Flint
Supports military and veteran services
Flint, a 20-year Army combat veteran and retired Lieutenant Colonel, centers his platform on supporting the military and veterans, drawing on his leadership experience in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Africa.
- Support military members and veterans using personal background as a retired Army Lieutenant Colonel
- Advocate for federal policies that honor service members and maintain strong defense support
“Support our Military/Veterans”
Energy and Technology Policy
medium salienceForstag proposes strict energy and environmental restrictions on new technology facilities like data centers, while Flint focuses on expanding domestic energy production across all sectors.
Sam Forstag
Supports strict AI regulation and data center requirements
Forstag advocates federal regulation of artificial intelligence, consumer privacy opt-outs, and compensation for personal data used in AI training. He proposes mandating that new data centers build independent energy capacity, use advanced water-efficient cooling systems, and hire union labor.
- Establish federal oversight of AI technologies and compensate individuals for data used in language models
- Require new data centers to generate their own power supply and use water-efficient cooling
- Mandate local union labor for data center construction
“Rein in Artificial Intelligence (AI) Companies. This technology has the potential to pose an existential risk to our economy and to humanity itself.”
Aaron Flint
Supports all-of-the-above energy production
Flint promotes a national energy policy supporting all energy sources to achieve energy independence, lower heating and business costs, and unleash domestic energy dominance.
- Promote an all-of-the-above national energy strategy to ensure affordable and reliable power
- Unleash domestic energy production to lower home heating and fuel costs
“We need a national energy policy that promotes all forms of energy. Affordable, abundant, and reliable energy is essential to power businesses and heat Montana homes.”
Healthcare
medium salienceSam Forstag
Supports expanding Medicare and restoring ACA subsidies
Forstag supports allowing all Americans to opt into Medicare and making it free for working families through subsidies. He advocates expanding Medicare to cover vision, hearing, dental, and long-term care, increasing rural hospital reimbursement rates, and allowing Medicare to negotiate all drug prices.
- Allow all Americans to choose Medicare, making it free for working families with expanded subsidies
- Expand Medicare coverage to include vision, hearing, dental, and long-term care
- Increase reimbursement rates for rural hospitals and authorize Medicare drug price negotiations
“Give everyone the choice to join Medicare – and make it free for working people.”
“Protect access to abortion and reproductive health by codifying Roe v. Wade, expanding funding for family planning providers, and reversing Ryan Zinke’s Medicaid cuts that prevent Medicaid from being used with certain reproductive healthcare providers.”
Tribal Affairs and Sovereignty
low salienceSam Forstag
Supports tribal sovereignty, IHS funding, and MMIP solutions
Forstag advocates honoring trust obligations and government-to-government consultation with Native tribes. He supports fixing jurisdictional gaps to address the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Persons crisis, fully funding the Indian Health Service, and executing the CSKT and Blackfeet Water compacts.
- Address the MMIP crisis by fixing jurisdictional gaps within reservation boundaries for non-member crimes
- Expand Indian Health Service (IHS) funding and grants for Urban Indian Organizations
- Fully implement the CSKT and Blackfeet Water compacts and expand satellite voting offices on reservations
“Tackle the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Persons (MMIP) crisis by fixing gaps in jurisdiction within tribal borders so that non-members who commit crimes aren’t beyond accountability”